An architectural evergreen perennial with upright stems of narrow, blue-green leaves topped by large, cylindrical clusters of lime-green flowers. Euphorbia characias subsp. characias brings year-round structure to borders, with its distinctive flower heads developing in spring and remaining attractive into early summer. The unusual cup-shaped flowers feature dark centres, creating a striking contrast against the fresh green bracts.
Native to the Mediterranean, this drought-tolerant perennial thrives in sunny, well-drained positions and is particularly effective in gravel gardens, Mediterranean planting schemes and contemporary borders. Growing to 60–90 cm, it combines beautifully with ornamental grasses, lavender and other drought-tolerant plants. Its evergreen foliage provides interest throughout winter, while the bold spring flowers add colour and structure when many other perennials are only beginning to emerge.
When to Sow: Feb–Apr & Sep
HOW TO SOW:
Sow seeds in trays or pots of moist, well-drained seed compost, covering with a thin layer of fine grit or compost to the depth of the seed. Maintain temperatures of 15–20°C initially. Germination can be irregular, and some seeds require a period of winter cold to break dormancy. Autumn-sown seeds can be kept outdoors in a sheltered position or cold frame to experience natural winter temperatures. Keep compost lightly moist and allow several months for germination if necessary.
Classification: Hardy evergreen perennial
Expert Level: Some experience required
Germination Time: Variable; several weeks to several months, sometimes following winter chilling
Flowering Time: Mar–Jun
Site: Full sun
Soil Type: Well-drained, sandy, gravelly or loamy soil
Soil Acidity: Neutral to alkaline
Moisture: Free draining; drought tolerant once established
Care: Avoid waterlogged soil, particularly in winter. Remove spent flowering stems at the base, wearing gloves to protect against the irritating milky sap
Use: Mediterranean gardens, gravel gardens, architectural borders and evergreen planting
Harvesting: Not generally grown as a cut flower; milky sap can irritate skin and eyes
Days to Maturity: Usually flowers in its second or third year from seed
Height: 60–90 cm
Plant Spacing: 60–90 cm